Exploring the Effectiveness of Islamic Education in Fostering Spiritual Intelligence among Muslim Senior High School Students through the Development of a Spiritual Intelligence Pedagogical Model: A Mixed-Methods Study
Keywords:
Islamic Education, Spiritual Intelligence, Research and Development, Interactive Learning, Experiential LearningAbstract
The role of Islamic education in developing spiritual intelligence among Muslim students remains critical amid globalization challenges. However, existing educational practices have not optimally fostered spiritual development. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility and effectiveness of an integrated Islamic education model to enhance spiritual intelligence among senior high school students. Adopting a mixed-methods design, the qualitative phase involved interviews, document analysis, and classroom observations to identify instructional needs, while the quantitative phase employed pre- and post-tests to measure changes in students’ spiritual intelligence. Qualitative findings informed the development and refinement of the model, whereas quantitative data provided empirical validation of its effectiveness. Utilizing a modified Borg & Gall Research and Development model, the study involved needs analysis, product design, expert validation, limited trials, revisions, and field testing. Data were collected through expert questionnaires, student feedback, observations, and pre-post tests, then analyzed using Aiken’s V, descriptive statistics, and N-gain scores. Results indicated high validity (Aiken’s V = 0.87) and a moderate increase in spiritual intelligence scores (N-gain = 0.53). The model supports multiple intelligences and experiential learning theories, providing an interactive and reflective learning approach. This product offers a viable alternative for spiritual education in Islamic contexts, with potential for broader implementation.
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