DETERMINATION OF TANNINS AND CATECHIN IN ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF GAMBIR TWIGS BY UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Keywords:
Uncaria Gambir, Catechins, Tannins, UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, Ethyl Acetate, AntioxidantsAbstract
Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) twigs are an underutilized by-product despite their potential as phenolic sources. This study determined tannin and catechin levels in ethyl acetate extracts of gambir twigs using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Twigs were macerated in ethyl acetate, and phenolics were identified qualitatively with FeCl₃. Total tannins were quantified by the Folin–Ciocalteu approach at 742 nm, while catechin was quantified at 280 nm. The extraction yielded 17.83% with a DER-native of 5.60. Calibration showed good linearity for tannins (y = 0.0072x + 0.2172; R² = 0.9523) and catechin (y = 0.0019x + 0.0490; R² = 0.9734). Tannin content reached 0.290% (w/w), markedly exceeding catechin (0.006% w/w), indicating a tannin-dominant phenolic profile in twigs. Compared with prior gambir studies that commonly report catechin-rich profiles in leaves or exudates, these results suggest that twigs represent a distinct raw material more suitable for tannin-based antioxidant or antimicrobial applications. Method sensitivity was acceptable (LoD 10.56 µg/mL; LoQ 35.19 µg/mL). Limitations include the non-specific nature of Folin–Ciocalteu toward tannins and potential UV-Vis matrix interference at 280 nm, particularly because catechin was detected near the quantification limit. Overall, gambir twigs show promise as an alternative tannin source, and future work should confirm profiles via more selective methods (e.g., HPLC) and optimize extraction to better preserve low-abundance catechin.
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